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The Cold War

1947–1991. Two superpowers. Thirty thousand nuclear warheads. Forty-four years of proxy wars, espionage, space races, and ideological combat — without a single direct shot fired between them.

🇺🇸 United States 🇷🇺 Soviet Union ☢️ MAD Doctrine NATO Alliance Warsaw Pact Space Race CIA vs KGB 1947 – 1991
The Defining Conflict of the 20th Century
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United States
Democracy & Capitalism NATO — 12 founding members Peak nukes: ~31,000 (1967) CIA — founded 1947 Marshall Plan — $13B to rebuild Europe GDP (1991): $6.1 trillion
VS
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Soviet Union
Communism & Central Planning Warsaw Pact — 8 members Peak nukes: ~45,000 (1986) KGB — founded 1954 Cominform — ideological control bloc GDP (1991): $1.1 trillion
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44
Years of confrontation — 1947 to 1991
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70,000
Nuclear warheads at peak combined stockpile
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30+
Proxy conflicts fought across the globe
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50+
Nations directly drawn into the conflict
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12
Americans who walked on the Moon — the Space Race's ultimate prize
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1000s
Intelligence operations run by CIA and KGB combined
What Was the Cold War?